Fri Feb 17 2023

49 articles - From Friday Feb 10 2023 to Friday Feb 17 2023

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Guidelines

Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…


Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Am J Clin Nutr

Consumption of whole grains and refined grains and associated risk of cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Consuming whole grains, rather than refined grains, can assist in preventing CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. Relationships between consumption of refined grains and health outcomes should be interpreted cautiously because of the low quality of meta-evidence.

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Prediagnostic serum calcium concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer development in 2 large European prospective cohorts.

In UK-BB, higher serum ionized calcium levels were inversely associated with CRC, but the risk was restricted to the colon. Total serum calcium showed a null association in EPIC. Additional prospective studies in other populations are needed to better investigate these associations.

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Selenium and immune function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental human studies.

Although some of the data suggested beneficial effects of selenium supplementation on immune function, the overall picture appears to be inconsistent and heterogeneous due to differences in trial duration and interventions, plus evidence of null and even detrimental effects. Overall, the evidence that we extracted from the literature in this systematic review does not support the need to supplement selenium beyond the recommended dietary intake to obtain beneficial effects on immune function.

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Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.

Our updated systematic review and meta-analysis expands on prior evidence to confirm that SSB consumption promotes higher BMI and body weight in both children and adults, underscoring the importance of dietary guidance and public policy strategies to limit intake. This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42020209915.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Safety Analysis of Preoperative Anti-TNF-a Therapy in Pediatric IBD After Intestinal Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

There is no significant association between preoperative anti-TNF-a therapy and postoperative complications in children with IBD after intestinal resection. However, the evidence is low due to the low number of studies investigating this question.

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J Crohns Colitis

Comparison of restorative proctocolectomy with and without defunctioning loop ileostomy in patients with ulcerative colitis - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

RPC without DLI is not associated with increased clinically overt AL or pouch excision rates, however, it is associated with increased risk of pelvic sepsis and emergency reoperation. RPC without DLI is feasible, but should only be performed judiciously in select UC patient cohorts in high volume, specialist, tertiary centres.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Am J Clin Nutr

Adherence to lifestyle recommendations after non-muscle invasive bladder cancer diagnosis and risk of recurrence.

Better adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations 3-months after NMIBC diagnosis, but not before diagnosis, is associated with a decreased risk of first bladder cancer recurrence. More studies evaluating postdiagnosis lifestyle are needed to provide solid support for lifestyle recommendations for cancer survivors.

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Allium vegetable intake associated with the risk of incident gastric cancer: a continuous follow-up study of a randomized intervention trial.

We found a significant reduction in the risk of developing GC with increasing dietary intake of allium vegetables, particularly garlic vegetables. The findings add to the literature on the potential inverse association of garlic vegetable intake with the risk of GC, therefore holding public health implications for dietary recommendations.

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Assessment of Vitamin D status and association with inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project.

Based on the weak and inconsistent correlations between CRP or AGP and 25(OH)D, there is no rationale to adjust for these inflammation biomarkers when estimating population prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in PSC or FRA.

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Association between iron deficiency and hospitalization rate in community-dwelling older adults: A 3-year prospective observational study of DO-HEALTH.

ID is associated with increased hospitalization rate and not associated with LOS =5 days among generally healthy older adults. Efforts to minimize ID in older adults may improve overall health and optimize healthcare costs.

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Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and dietary markers with depression and anxiety: Post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE-2 pilot trial.

Gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation may be biomarkers of importance within the MGBA, linking dietary markers, such as animal protein intake, to depression and anxiety for individuals with comorbid obesity. These findings are exploratory and warrant replication.

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Causal associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids and kidney function: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Our results suggest that higher omega-6 fatty acids and LA may increase eGFR levels. Although the estimated effects were relatively small, the results provide public health and research relevance, indicating the need for further longitudinal cohorts or randomized controlled trials on omega-6 fatty acids in improving kidney function.

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Circulating thrifty microRNA is related to insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and energy metabolism in adults with overweight and obesity: the POUNDS Lost trial.

Circulating thrifty miRNA was linked to regulating body fat, insulin resistance, and energy metabolism. Temporal changes in circulating miR-128-1-5p were associated with better weight-loss outcomes during the interventions; habitual PA and dietary macronutrient intake may modify such relations.

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Diet quality and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: The Multiethnic Cohort.

In a multiethnic population, we did not observe overall significant associations between these dietary quality indices and risk of gastric cancer. However, among former aspirin users and never smokers, there could be a reduction of gastric distal adenocarcinoma risk with a higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet.

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Dietary phytoestrogens and total and cause-specific mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies.

A higher intake of total phytoestrogens, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumarins, and foods rich in these compounds was associated with lower risk of total and certain cause-specific mortality in generally healthy US adults. These data suggest that these phytochemicals and their dietary sources may be integrated into an overall healthy diet to achieve a longer life span.

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Effects of iron supplementation on neural indices of habituation in Bangladeshi children.

In Bangladeshi children with >40% anemia prevalence, iron or MNP interventions alone are insufficient to improve neural indices of habituation.

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Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum in mothers with overweight and obesity to improve body composition and metabolic health during infancy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

FO supplementation of mothers with overweight or obesity during pregnancy did not impact infant body composition. There is a need to follow-up the offspring to determine whether observed metabolic effects persist. Clinical trial registry NumberThis study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001078347p). In addition, the Universal Trial Number, WHO, has been obtained (U1111-1199-5860).

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In-utero Metabolomic Signatures of Refined Grains Intake and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Metabolome-wide Association Study.

Clusters of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids may be implicated in the association between refined grains intake and GDM risk as demonstrated by the significant associations of these metabolites with both refined grains and GDM risk and the incremental predictive value of these metabolites for GDM risk beyond the conventional risk factors. These findings provide evidence on the potential biological underpinnings linking refined grains intake to the risk of GDM and help identify novel disease-related dietary biomarkers to inform diet-related preventive strategies for GDM.

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Incidence of obesity across adulthood in the United States, 2001-2017-a national prospective analysis.

Incidence of obesity was stable over the first 13 y of the last 2 decades but increased by 18% in 2013-2017. Blacks and younger adults were at highest risk, and those with overweight were also at high risk for developing obesity.

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Liver glycogen stores via 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy children: randomized, controlled study.

After overnight fasting, [LGly] decreased by 22.9 (25.1)%, and [LGly] incremental net area under the curve over 4 h was higher after subsequent consumption of 15.5 g and 31 g carbohydrates, compared to water. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX; xx xx-xx.

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Maternal iron status in early pregnancy and childhood body fat measures and cardiometabolic risk factors: A population-based prospective cohort.

Maternal lower ferritin and higher transferrin in early pregnancy are associated with body fat accumulation and distribution but are not associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood. Underlying mechanisms and long-term consequences warrant further study.

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Maternal nutritional status and milk volume and composition in India: an observational study.

Most mothers had a normal BMI and milk of similar composition and volume to reference values. Future work in populations with a greater burden of underweight and/or obesity are needed to examine the underlying mechanisms between maternal body composition and milk volume.

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Monitoring Body Composition Change for Intervention Studies with Advancing 3D Optical Imaging Technology in Comparison to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry.

As compared to DXA, 3DO was highly sensitive in detecting body shape changes over time. The 3DO method was sensitive enough to detect even small changes in body composition during intervention studies. The safety and accessibility of 3DO allows users to self-monitor on a frequent basis throughout interventions. Clinical trials number Shape Up! Adults (NCT03637855, and Body Fat Accumulation A Mechanistic Feeding Study (NCT03394664, Exercise and Low-Intensity Physical Activity Breaks in Sedentary Time to Improve Muscle and Cardiometabolic Health (NCT03771417, Restricted Eating on Weight Loss (NCT03393195, of Testosterone Undecanoate for Optimizing Performance During Military Operations (NCT04120363,

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Reliability and validity of assigning ultraprocessed food categories to 24-h dietary recall data.

This method of Nova classifying NDSR-based 24-h dietary recalls was reliable and valid for identifying individual intake of processed foods, including UPFs.

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Role of food matrix in modulating dairy fat induced changes in lipoprotein particle size distribution in a human intervention.

Our findings indicate that reductions in LDL cholesterol observed with dairy fat consumption are driven by reductions in LDL-P concentration. A trend toward a less atherogenic profile was observed, but there was no clear effect of the individual food matrices.

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Sugary beverages and genetic risk in relation to brain structure and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study.

Higher SSB and ASB intake was associated with higher risk of dementia, and moderate NJ intake was associated with a lower risk of dementia. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX; xx xx-xx.

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Tax on sugary drinks and trends in daily soda consumption by family affluence: an international repeated cross-sectional survey among European adolescents.

Socioeconomic patterns did not change after the tax implementation in 3 out of 4 countries, and socioeconomic inequalities were reduced in France. Taxing sodas might be an effective measure to attenuate, or at least not exacerbate, socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent daily soda consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX; xx xx-xx.

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The effects of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose, galacto-oligosaccharides, and maternal human milk oligosaccharide profile on iron absorption in Kenyan infants.

In Kenyan infants consuming FeFum-fortified maize porridge, co-provision of 3.0 g GOS increased FIA by 78%, whereas co-provision of 3.0 g HMO did not affect FIA. Variations in maternal HMO profile, including secretor and Lewis phenotype, did not predict FIA. These data argue against a physiologic role for 2'-FL and LNnT in facilitating iron absorption in infancy. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04163406 (

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Timing of introduction of complementary foods, breastfeeding, and child cardiometabolic risk: a prospective multiethnic Asian cohort study.

A combination of early CF and short BF was associated with elevated child adiposity and cardiometabolic markers. Longer BF duration may protect against cardiometabolic risk associated with early CF.

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Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease with a Diet or Orlistat: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Orlistat and the experimental diet group reduced liver steatosis compared to the control group. Clinical trial registry number and website ChiCTR-1900027172.

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Ultra-processed foods and mortality: analysis from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.

A diet with a high intake of UPFs was associated with a higher risk of mortality in a diverse multinational study. Globally, limiting the consumption of UPFs should be encouraged.

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Weight change across adulthood and accelerated biological aging in middle-aged and older adults.

Maximal overweight, nonobese to obese, and stable obesity across adulthood, as well as an obese to nonobese pattern from middle to late adulthood, were associated with accelerated biological aging. In contrast, weight loss from young to middle adulthood was associated with decelerated biological aging. The findings highlight the potential role of weight management across adulthood for aging. Monitoring weight fluctuation may help identify the population at high risk of accelerated aging.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Automatized Detection of Crohn's Disease in Intestinal Ultrasound Using Convolutional Neural Network.

We developed a machine-learning module based on a pretrained convolutional neural network that is highly accurate in the recognition of bowel wall thickening on intestinal ultrasound images in Crohn's disease. Incorporation of convolutional neural network to IUS may facilitate the use of IUS by inexperienced operators and allow automatized detection of bowel inflammation and standardization of IUS imaging interpretation.

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Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Before and After a Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Persons with IBD have higher PPI use preceding their diagnosis. Possibly, the use of a PPI alters the gut microbiome, increasing the risk for IBD diagnosis; or persons with IBD have increased rates of dyspepsia, warranting PPI use; or some IBD symptoms are treated with PPIs whether warranted or not.

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Upadacitinib Induction and Maintenance Therapy Improves Abdominal Pain, Bowel Urgency, and Fatigue in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of Phase 3 Data.

The findings of this study support the additional benefit of upadacitinib in treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis by demonstrating a statistically significant impact on clinically meaningful symptoms of fatigue, bowel urgency, and abdominal pain. (U-ACHIEVE induction and maintenance studies; NCT02819635; U-ACCOMPLISH induction study; NCT03653026).

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J Crohns Colitis

Development and validation of a remote monitoring tool for assessment of mild, moderate, and severe infections in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The PRIQ is a valid and accurate remote monitoring tool to assess infections in IBD patients, providing means to personalise medicine based on adequate benefit-risk assessments.

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Filgotinib Improved Health-Related Quality of Life and Led to Comprehensive Disease Control in Individuals with Ulcerative Colitis: Data from SELECTION.

Filgotinib 200 mg results in short- and long-term improvements in HRQoL. High level improvement of HRQoL relates to a stringent composite endpoint suggesting meaningful disease control in a subset of filgotinib-treated individuals.

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Hocus Pocus: The Role Of Handheld Ultrasonography In Predicting Disease Extension And Endoscopic Activity In Ulcerative Colitis.

Handheld intestinal ultrasound and IUS are comparable in UC extension definition and MUC evaluation. HHIUS could be reliable for detecting disease activity and estimating its extension, providing close monitoring. It also represents a non-invasive, easily practicable investigation, allowing immediate medical decisions with significant time and cost advantages.

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Prospective validation of the Lémann Index in children: a report from the multicenter ImageKids study.

Overall, the updated LI had insufficient psychometric performance for recommending its use in children. An age-specific index may be needed for children with shorter disease duration than typical adult cohorts.

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Liver Transpl

MELD 3.0 leads to heterogeneous prioritization of men and women on the liver transplant waitlist.

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Pancreatology

Diagnosis and management of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage: A single-center experience of consecutive 1,096 pancreatoduodenectomies.

Standardized management of PPH according to the onset and source of hemorrhage minimizes the incidence of serious deterioration and mortality. High-risk patients with PPH can be predicted based on the DFA values, CRP levels, and incidence of abdominal infections.

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Mouse model of PRSS1 p.R122H-related hereditary pancreatitis highlights context-dependent effect of autolysis-site mutation.

The findings support the notion that the pathogenic effect of the PRSS1 p. R122H mutation in hereditary pancreatitis is dependent on its ability to defuse chymotrypsin-dependent defenses.

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Prognostic impact of osteosarcopenia in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel.

Osteosarcopenia was associated with poor survival in metastatic PC treated with first-line GnP. Screening for osteosarcopenia may be helpful for better management of metastatic PC.

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Am J Clin Nutr

Could Alzheimer's disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism?

In summary, we propose that Alzheimer's disease may be the consequence of a maladaptation to an evolutionary-based survival pathway and what had served to enhance survival acutely becomes injurious when engaged for extensive periods. Although more studies are needed on the role of fructose metabolism and its metabolite, uric acid, in Alzheimer's disease, we suggest that both dietary and pharmacologic trials to reduce fructose exposure or block fructose metabolism should be performed to determine whether there is potential benefit in the prevention, management, or treatment of this disease.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Assessment of Fecal Glycosylated Mucins as Novel Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Am J Clin Nutr

The FDA's action plan to reduce dietary exposure to arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury for infants and young children.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Persistence of Antibodies Six Months after Three COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Doses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

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Liver Transpl

Early but not easy: recipients' experiences of alcohol-related liver disease and early transplantation.

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Paediatric acute liver failure management - view from the other side of the pond.

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies